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The magnitude of remains constant, therefore VSWR are not changed by additional lengthĬonstant, subtract (rotate clockwise direction) from The input impedance looking towards the load end at a distance z’ from the load is The value of the r-circle passing through the intersection of the circle and the positive real axis equals the standing wave ratio The angle measured from the positive real axis, of the line drawn from the origin through the point representing z L equal .ģ. All the circles are centered at the origin and their radii vary from 0 to 1.Ģ. The value of the r-circle passing through the point Pm on negative real axis is numerically equal to the 1/Sġ. The value of the r-circle passing through the point PM is numerically equal to the standing wave ratio
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